利用Excel对IVD二分类临床试验数据进行统计分析的方法举例
2020-04-17 09:00 |
临床试验资料中常出现人工数据统计错误的问题,现有临床试验数据通常使用Excel进行数据的汇总及展示,合理利用Excel工具,可有效减少该类错误。 为了利于后期统计分析,首先进行数据的转换。在Excel中,数据表中的临床诊断结果、考核试剂检测结果无论以“确诊/排除”或“+/-”的方式进行表示,均以文本格式进行记录。在进行条件判断时需要使用半角引号,并且无法进行运算,因此推荐将其转换为“0/1”的数字格式。下面以对“临床诊断”数据进行转换为例。 在数据表格右侧加入“临床诊断”转换列,在与数据首行对应的单元格写如下公式:=IF(E2="确诊",1,0) 按“回车”之后,可以看到数据表格显示的为“1”,即“确诊”。同理我们将考核试剂检测结果进行“0/1”转换。通过筛选功能可以看出考核试剂检测结果以“+/-”进行表示。在诊断转换结果列右侧加入“考核试剂检测结果”转换列,在与数据首行对应的单元格写如公式“=IF(F2="+",1,0)”,将考核试剂检测结果转换为“0/1”表示。 二、四格表判定 根据四格表的定义我们对上述转换后的临床诊断结果及考核试剂检测结果进行判定。 在数据表格右侧加入“四格表”判定列,在与数据首行对应的单元格将上述判定规则用公式表示:=IF(G2=1,IF(H2=1,"a","c"),IF(H2=1,"b","d"))按“回车”后该格子显示为转换后的四格表结果。 首行数据的转换和判定完成后,选中这三个单元格,将鼠标指针放在最右侧单元格的右下角,鼠标指针变为“+”号后向下拖拽填充所有有数据的数据行,完成公式填充并展示相应的结果。
三、构建四格表 其中G代表临床诊断结果,T代表考核试剂检测结果。根据四格表定义,四表格的每个格子分别统计在上述“四格表”统计结果列中相应字母的数量。以a格为例,该格子公式应写为:“=COUNTIF(I:I,"a")” 同理,根据定义将b、c、d格子修改为统计相应字母数量的公式。其中所统计的数据列(I:I)可以通过点击列名自动填入。四个格子统计完成后将汇总格公式修改为相应格子的求和公式,完成数据汇总。 四、数据统计 根据统计量的定义在表格中写入相应的公式进行统计。例如,灵敏度是临床诊断为“确诊”的受试者中考核试剂检测结果为“阳性”的比例,那么在灵敏度点估计格子就写入公式:“=K3/K5” 同理,将其他点估计公式根据定义写到相应的单元格中。 信区间的计算有多种方法,对于二分类数据目前其可信区间按二项分布近似正态计算,在极端情况不够保守,因此推荐按照威尔逊置信区间计算方法进行计算[1]。该公式相对复杂,可在文章末尾所提供的附件表格中进行查看。使用时将单元格内容保持与四格表的行、列相对位置关系进行粘贴即可展示结果。在数据计算完成后,将单元格格式修改为百分比。
至此便完成了二分类结果的灵敏度、特异度及总符合率的统计。 五、注意事项 临床与生物统计二部 高宇 吕允凤 供稿 (原创 2020-04-16 CMDE 中国器审) |
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